History & Heritage: Exploring Medieval Rhodes

Rhodes isn’t just another sunny Greek island. It’s a full-on time machine—especially when you walk through the fortified gates of Rhodes Old Town. This UNESCO World Heritage Site is one of the best-preserved medieval cities in Europe, and it’s not just for history buffs. The mix of Gothic castles, Byzantine churches, Ottoman mosques, and ancient ruins makes it a one-of-a-kind destination that tells a thousand stories.

Here’s how to explore medieval Rhodes and soak in its deep, fascinating past.

Entering the Old Town: A Living Fortress

Step through Liberty Gate, Amboise Gate, or any of the seven entry points to the Old Town, and you’ll be surrounded by massive stone walls, turrets, and cobbled streets that date back to the 14th century. Built by the Knights of St. John, this fortress city once defended Europe against Ottoman invaders. Today, it’s a maze of history, architecture, and everyday life—people still live, work, and eat here.

The Street of the Knights

This narrow, uphill street is the most iconic in Rhodes. Lined with stone lodges from different “langues” (regional groups of knights—Italy, France, Spain, etc.), the Street of the Knights feels untouched by time. You’ll see coats of arms carved into the walls, arched doorways, and original cobblestones underfoot.

Tip: Go early in the morning or late afternoon to avoid tour groups and get clearer photos.

Palace of the Grand Master

At the top of the Street of the Knights, this fortress-palace is a must-visit. Originally a Byzantine citadel, it was transformed by the Knights into their grand headquarters. Inside, you'll find mosaic floors, marble columns, and massive halls echoing with centuries of power.

Don’t miss:

• The Hall of the Council, with its Gothic vaults.
• The exhibition of ancient Rhodes, tracing the island’s history from antiquity to Ottoman rule.
• Panoramic views from the towers.

Archaeological Museum of Rhodes

Set in the old Hospital of the Knights, this museum is not just about what's inside—it’s a historic site in itself. The building is a masterpiece of Gothic architecture. Inside, you’ll find everything from ancient statues to burial urns, jewelry, and mosaics from across the island.

Highlight: The statue of Aphrodite Bathing, a 1st-century BC beauty, and the display of medical tools used by the knights.

Jewish Quarter & Kahal Shalom Synagogue

Tucked in the southeast corner of the Old Town, the Jewish Quarter is quieter but deeply moving. The Kahal Shalom Synagogue, built in 1577, is the oldest in Greece. It houses a small museum documenting the Jewish presence on Rhodes, which dates back to the 2nd century BC.

Note: The Jewish community was nearly wiped out during WWII. This site honors their legacy and resilience.

Suleymaniye Mosque & Ottoman Influence

When the Ottomans conquered Rhodes in 1522, they left their own architectural mark. The Suleymaniye Mosque, with its red dome and minaret, is one of the most visible symbols of that era. Walk past old Turkish baths, fountains, and mansions that speak to the city’s multicultural past.

Bonus: Visit the nearby Clock Tower (Roloi)—climb it for a 360° view of the Old Town.

Byzantine Rhodes: Churches & Icons

Scattered throughout the Old Town are Byzantine chapels and churches, some in ruins, others restored and active. Look for:

• Church of Our Lady of the Castle
• Church of St. Panteleimon
• Agios Fanourios (with impressive frescoes)

You’ll see layers of religious and cultural history stacked one on top of the other—churches turned into mosques, then back again.

Beyond the Walls: Ancient Rhodes & Kamiros

While the medieval city steals the show, don't forget ancient Rhodes:

• The Acropolis of Rhodes: On Monte Smith Hill, just outside the modern city. See the Temple of Apollo, a stadium, and ancient theaters.
• Ancient Kamiros: A well-preserved city ruin on the west coast—quiet, scenic, and atmospheric.

These sites remind you that Rhodes was a powerful player long before the knights showed up.

Final Thoughts

Rhodes isn’t just ancient ruins and beach bars. It’s a place where history lives and breathes. Every stone in the Old Town, every archway and tower, has a story. Whether you're following the trail of knights, tracing ancient roots, or learning about the island’s Jewish and Ottoman chapters, Rhodes offers a time-travel experience unlike anywhere else in Greece.